Q&A: Senior Rail Engineer Dave Bearse provides updates on the Georgia Department of Transportation’s (GDOT) Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Safety (Section 130)��Program.

This week, Dave Bearse, along with LN Manchi and Fahreen Muhammad, will be in Atlanta, Georgia, participating in the , alongside transportation leaders committed to advancing safer rail systems nationwide. As a longtime rail safety partner to GDOT, Atlas brings nearly two decades of experience supporting GDOT’s Section 130 Program — providing technical leadership, strategic planning and collaborative coordination to identify risks and implement proven safety improvements at highway-rail grade crossings across the state. Through this work, Atlas continues to help strengthen Georgia’s rail network while protecting the communities it serves.

Q: What’s your role in the Section 130 Program?

I serve as the technical lead for the Atlas work within the Section 130 Program. My focus is on coordinating and overseeing the technical aspects of railroad safety improvements, working closely with GDOT, CSX Transportation (CSXT), cities, counties and other stakeholders.

Q: Could you provide some background on the Section 130 Program and its origins from your perspective?

The program originated in response to growing highway safety concerns in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when a high number of fatalities at highway-rail grade crossings promoted the federal government to invest highway safety funds in proven countermeasures such as flashing lights and gates. These improvements significantly reduced crashes and laid the foundation for today’s program, which now encompasses a broader range of safety and hazard elimination strategies — including passive warning devices, crossing eliminations, signing and pavement markings, crossing geometric improvements and incentives and construction support to facilitate crossing closures.

Q: Could you elaborate on how your team determines what crossings need improvement?

We work closely with GDOT and railroad consultants to identify crossings that need improvement. Our goal is to maximize safety benefits within the allocated funds. This involves recommending various improvements, such as flashing lights and gates, geometric improvements or suggesting the closure of certain crossings to reduce crash risks.

Q: Can you share some notable achievements or successes of the railroad safety program?

Over the years, the program has significantly reduced fatalities and crashes at railroad grade crossings. Notable achievements include the successful installation of safety features, as well as signing and marking projects to enhance awareness and visibility. Atlas prepared the Georgia Safety Action Plan and an update that were well-received by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).

Q: Can you explain the technology behind railroad crossings and how it has evolved over the years, particularly in terms of safety and monitoring?

The technology at railroad crossings has evolved significantly from electromechanical relays in the early days. By the 1980s, these were replaced with computer systems. Nowadays, new installations come with a recording system, essentially a black box, that logs every event at the crossing. Railroads can remotely monitor and analyze this data to support more efficient and safer operations.

Q: How do you determine which railroad crossings need improvements or upgrades? Are there specific criteria or factors that play a role in prioritizing these enhancements?

Prioritizing improvements involves a comprehensive evaluation. Factors include the number of trains and vehicles, the type of warning devices in place, school bus and passenger train usage and crash history. This data feeds into a prioritization system, but it’s not solely based on numerical values. There are subjective elements, like sight distance, proximity to intersections and the crest at the crossing, that contribute to the decision-making process.

Q: Could you share insights into the collaboration with CSX Transportation and how they contribute to the Section 130 Program?

CSX Transportation (CSXT) is a key partner, sharing data that aids in maintaining and updating records for GDOT. The collaboration extends to implementing safety improvements, with CSXT agreeing to maintain the signals installed by GDOT in perpetuity. This partnership highlights the shared commitment to enhancing safety at railroad crossings.

Q: How has the landscape of railroad safety changed over the years? What trends or challenges do you foresee in the future?

Railroad safety has seen significant improvements, particularly with the widespread adoption of flashing lights and gate signals. However, challenges persist, such as the need for ongoing maintenance and replacement of aging infrastructure. Looking ahead, the focus will likely shift from installing new devices to maintaining and improving existing ones so they remain effective and safe.

Q: What role does data play in your decision-making process? How has it evolved in the last decade?

Data is integral to our decision-making process. With advancements in technology, there’s now an abundance of data available, including crash records, train and vehicle counts and warning device types. This data helps us identify high-priority crossings and allocate resources effectively. The transition in recent years involves recognizing the importance of maintaining and improving existing infrastructure rather than solely focusing on installing new safety devices.

Q: Are there any specific initiatives or innovations in the railroad safety sector that you find particularly promising or impactful?

The continuous improvement in technology, such as remote monitoring and recording systems, holds promise for enhancing railroad safety. Additionally, the industry’s recognition of the need to transition from installing new devices to maintaining and improving existing ones is a positive shift. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect further innovations that contribute to the overall safety and efficiency of railroad crossings.

As more EV charging stations emerge across the country, some first-time buyers are inadvertently overlooking the importance of verifying what utilities lie below project sites. Enter subsurface utility engineering (SUE) professionals: the unsung heroes of the EV transition.

After accidentally nicking an underground power line, one school district was forced to halt construction on an electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure project.

The school was in the process of connecting an EV charging station to a cluster of ground-mounted solar panels located across campus, an investment that would and accommodate its growing number of EV drivers.

With the start of school just weeks away, Civil Engineer and Geophysicist Iko Syahrial was called to locate and map the underground utilities inside an 80-foot radius (about one tennis court’s length in every direction) for a safer path forward.

“The severed utility line was the only obstruction beneath the designated project area,” Iko said. “We also located multiple abandoned conduits that posed no risk to further construction activities.”

The process involved the use of five, non-destructive geophysical instruments, a standard operating procedure for subsurface utility engineering (SUE) evaluations that renders near-perfect depictions of underground utility networks.

“There’s no silver-bullet solution that can ‘see and detect’ everything,” Iko said. “But through the strategic integration of multiple, specialized tools — each designed to address specific aspects of subsurface analysis — we enhance our ability to unveil a comprehensive and accurate depiction of the hidden complexities below the surface.”

It’s the orchestrated collaboration of technology, Iko said, that brings clarity to the intricate subsurface landscape.

In other words, each instrument covers the other’s blind spot, piecing together an accurate picture and understanding of the subsurface conditions in question. They include:

• Line Tracer:
  • Passive mode identifies natural frequencies emitted by utility lines, such as the 60 Hz signal from electric power lines or radio frequencies from communication lines.
  • Active mode actively induces a signal onto the utility line using a transmitter and receiver, enabling tracing of the line’s path, even if it doesn’t emit a natural frequency (what Iko used to trace the rest of the nicked line).
• Ground-Penetrating Radar: uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. Helpful in locating buried conduits made of both metallic and non-metallic materials such as PVC or HDPE (think water pipes).
• EM-61 (electromagnetic devices): a powerful metal detector that detects the presence of metallic objects by generating an electromagnetic field and sensing the responses caused by metal conductors.
• M-Scope (conductivity meter): senses the conductivity of the materials (including soil). By detecting breaks in the homogeneity of the materials (discontinuity), it can be assumed that there is a possible underground line/object (think backfill).
• Gradiometer: measures variations in the Earth’s magnetic field, which can help identify subsurface anomalies or buried metallic objects.

Multi-method geophysical evaluations open projects to a wealth of insights that help inform safer construction activities.

The proactive involvement of SUE via geophysical methods in EV charging station projects is essential for the safe and efficient expansion of charging infrastructure, particularly for schools and institutions seeking to promote sustainability on their campuses.

By identifying and mapping underground utilities, these professionals mitigate risks, reduce construction costs, and support the growth of electric mobility, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable future.

The process took Iko approx. four hours and cost a fraction of what the school will end up paying in change orders.

“These types of accidents can almost always be avoided,” Iko said. “If you’re thinking about adopting EV charging infrastructure, determine the location of all underground utilities before you dig. It’s a budget-friendly way to save time — and lives.”

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Q&A: Atlas’ National Practice Director of Geotech Richard Barrows shares insights into his career and passion for geotechnical engineering.��

In the 1980s, after years of working on motorcycles in his parents’ garage, Rich Barrows developed a talent for building dirt bikes.

He would haul his creations to the nearest motocross tracks and ride for hours, testing the suspension against the terrain and noting mechanical weaknesses to work on later.

Rich could picture himself competing in professional races but also didn’t want to squander his college education. So, he combed a catalog of degree programs to replace his passion for assembling motorbikes and off-roading — and loaded his schedule with the next best thing.

“Motocross was a great hobby, but the idea of living off sponsorship dollars didn’t sit well with me,” Rich said. “I was really interested in earth materials and that led me to selecting a course called Soil Mechanics. It was more of an upper-level course. I had to knock on some doors to enroll. But once I got approved, I never looked back.”

Rich Barrows, right, standing next to 80s motocross legend Roger Decoster, a five-time 500cc
Motocross World Champion and four-time US AMA Championship winner whom Rich met in early August.

Since then, Rich has built a 37-year career in civil engineering and geotechnics. We sat down with the former Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) Geotechnical Engineer and Construction Chief to learn why he returned to the workforce after a brief hiatus.

What does the bulk of your work look like?

I oversee two divisions, the geotechnical engineering side with over 100 people and the geophysics side with about 22. I analyze where our gaps are, where we want to develop further, and what work areas we want to pursue. I also coordinate with business development on where we want to take the team and where we can grow.

How long have you been in Geotech?

What kind of problems are we helping our clients solve?

Tell us about why you came to Atlas.

What’s the most challenging project you’ve undertaken?

Two come to mind.

The reconstruction of Going-to-the-Sun Road at Glacier National Park involved restoring a 50-mile-long corridor that crosses through the park.

It’s a narrow road lined with 130 retaining walls, most of which were built around 1927, so it was in pretty bad shape. That scope involved evaluating the walls and coming up with repair and rehab schemes. My field teams had to balance environmental restrictions and historic preservation needs without interfering with traffic flow.

We started that in 2003 and completed the reconstruction in 2019.

The other project was Salmon River Road in Idaho, a complete reconstruction of a narrow gravel road, road on very, very steep terrain.

It sits between steep canyon walls and the Salmon River. A lot of retaining walls, ground anchors, and other slope stabilization measures were required. It was just one of the toughest geographic areas I’ve ever worked in.

As a Washington local, what regional and environmental impacts do you consider while working on community projects?

Just about wherever we’re working, even if it’s in a more arid environment, I’m always considering erosion control and how our designs or our recommendations impact that.

The culverts on a lot of roads in the Pacific Northwest were designed or sized to carry storm water. They did that adequately for some time, but the designs really didn’t consider fish passage needs. Replacing culverts with more fish friendly designs is part of a big program in the Pacific Northwest.

How do you define Geotechnical Excellence?

You’re not going to know everything that you’d like to know about the ground. Excellence comes from utilizing knowledge and experience to come up with designs or recommendations that are based on what you know and is best suited for the ground.

Building a new bridge across the Mississippi River in the Baton Rouge area is not a new idea. The need had been there for decades, but getting beyond general conception has proved difficult, for any number of reasons. But today, thanks to a more pragmatic approach to achieving this monumental undertaking, a new Mississippi River Bridge (MRB)-building effort is taking those first critical steps toward becoming reality.

“Some of the attempts over the past 20 years have had bigger ambitions and scope and they were never able to get off the ground, either financially or politically,” says Kara Moree, CFM. “What we’re doing is concentrating on the early phases—selecting a location and getting the environmental documentation—to provide a foundation and build momentum for the project. This approach has been very successful in moving it forward.” Moree is the national director for NEPA & environmental compliance with Atlas Technical Consultants and serves as the overall project manager. Atlas was selected by the Louisiana Department of Transportation & Development (LADOTD) as the prime consultant to conduct an Enhanced Planning Investigation and Environmental Evaluation for a new river bridge, one of the most high-profile civil infrastructure projects in the state of Louisiana.

��Project staff members answer questions from the public about the new
Mississippi River Bridge at a community center meeting in April 2022.

As its first order of business, the Atlas-led team was asked to identify approximately 30 possible locations for the new bridge. The project limits were set along 60+ miles of river so, at first glance, it did not appear to be a tall order, but they didn’t get too far into the navigation study before discovering just how many constraints the project would be subjected to. “There were a lot of places we couldn’t put piers in the river. There are anchorages and things of that nature that we needed to stay away from. We were also limited to a 2,000 ft maximum main span length. We consulted with the U.S. Coast Guard and spoke with river pilots and identified other restrictions and impediments. It was difficult coming up with 30 locations, but eventually, we did identify 32,” Moree says.

From there, the team took a tiered approach to narrowing that list down to a more manageable number. Two rounds of screening were conducted in consideration of the project’s purpose and need, which was informed and supported by traffic data and other analyses. “We also had to consider the environmental impacts. We had to determine if we would be able to get permits, whether it was for wetlands or levees or the Coast Guard. There’s also a lot of really big industry up and down the river, and of course, Baton Rouge has one of the busiest ports in the world,” she says. By taking a data-driven approach, the team, which included 13 sub-consultants, was able to back up their decisions with cold facts. This proved particularly beneficial when 10 preliminary alternatives were selected and presented to the public.

As in many areas of Louisiana, Baton Rouge is still dealing with the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Almost overnight, the area took in an additional 200,000 displaced individuals. One of the impacts of that growth was that the metropolitan area hit its projected 2030 traffic volumes 25 years ahead of schedule. A project of this size and potential impact is bound to raise the interests, and passions, of residents and community leaders. Extensive public information and stakeholder engagement efforts were particularly critical in keeping the project moving forward. The team also made quarterly presentations to a state legislative committee so that government and political influencers would be kept abreast of progress.

Although Atlas is a national firm with 100 locations across the country, the MRB project has benefited from a decided home-field advantage. Both Moree and Maria Bernard Reid, NEPA specialist and deputy project manager were born and raised in south Louisiana. Although Atlas is a multi-disciplined firm with the resources to complete a project of this magnitude from start to finish, it benefited from the specialized expertise of its two project leads. “We are not engineers—we’re environmental people. Everything we see, we see through the eyes of biologists and NEPA practitioners. The Federal Highway Administration, who will be reviewing our environmental document, really appreciates having that perspective informing our findings,” says Reid.

That advantage has resulted in what will be the first approved Planning and Environmental Linkages (PEL) document on a LADOTD project. The integrated and collaborative PEL approach asks project teams to consider environmental factors during the planning process, using data and analysis gathered during planning to enhance the environmental investigations and analysis. FHWA encourages its use as a means to save time and cost by minimizing duplicate efforts. “Going straight from planning into NEPA, we fully expect that all of our work will be brought forward. Having two environmental professionals leading that has been a very big plus in producing high-quality and approvable documents,” Reid says.

Atlas is scheduled to complete its work on the MRB project in late 2024. A new governor and administration will be installed in January, and the team is focused on keeping the project moving forward and maintaining the state’s commitment. If all goes according to plan, it will soon be moving toward design and construction.

Published by Engineering News-Record (ENR)
On July 31, 2023

The moment a shovel or backhoe bucket is put in the ground, there is a risk of hitting or damaging a utility line.�� As a result, locating underground utilities is critical to the design and construction of any roadway, infrastructure or building improvement project. Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE) is a risk management process that combines civil engineering, surveying and geophysics. When used in conjunction with Utility Coordination (UC), SUE provides a method of characterizing, identifying and resolving utility conflict related issues.

SUE and UC are critical to minimizing impacts to existing utilities, but they can be even more beneficial and lead to greater cost savings when used during design, as opposed to during construction.�� SUE allows designers to make intelligent decisions regarding their design.�� Slight adjustments can produce substantial cost savings by reducing utility relocations and project delays. ��

In an independent study by Purdue University, a total of 71 randomly selected projects that utilized SUE were studied in detail from Virginia, North Carolina, Texas, and Ohio.�� The result — a savings of $4.62 for every $1.00 spent on SUE.

When establishing a SUE scope, only certain quality levels (QL-A, B, C, or D) may be recommended based on the project’s need and purpose.�� Our process is to identify the most cost-effective methods so that we can pass on significant cost and time savings to our clients and their customers.�� Additionally, when a SUE service provider is identified, a strong, established relationship with transportation and utility owners provides a significant advantage. Knowledge of SUE and UC, understanding of the utility industry, and strong relationships with key stakeholders help to expedite any utility-related project issues encountered.

Atlas, through its acquired company, Long Engineering, has played a critical role in developing Georgia DOT’s SUE program into one of the most advanced in the country today.�� Building on that expertise, we are focused on managing the risks associated with all aspects of utility coordination—mapping at appropriate quality levels, conflict analysis, relocation design, coordination, condition assessment, and consistently communicating all utility data to stakeholders.

Our crews routinely locate underground utilities including, but not limited to, water, gas, power, communication, CATV, fiber optics, fuel lines, force mains, and sanitary sewer lines. In addition, we utilize a full array of tools and technology to provide accuracy and quality results including radio detection designating equipment, ground penetrating radar, and vacuum excavation to existing utilities to determine their exact location, size, and elevation.

We have the necessary personnel to coordinate and manage high-volume workloads, while maintaining stringent Quality Control standards and schedules. This begins at the top management level and flows through our entire team. From a managerial perspective, Atlas is well-positioned and has recently completed additional key management hires, all of whom are seasoned industry leaders with proven experience in contract terms, issuing of task orders, and rapidly mobilizing personnel to complete work. Atlas team members Randy Sanborn, PE (VP SUE – Georgia and Florida); Tom Rock (VP of SUE – Carolinas); and Mike Goodman (VP of SUE – Virginia) are three of the Southeast’s most experienced SUE/UC managers, and they have each successfully managed large, statewide SUE contracts. These core individuals provide management redundancy and collaboration to quickly find creative solutions for challenging utility-related issues and have greatly assisted our efforts to serve additional markets such as the Carolinas, Virginia, and Florida.

Atlas was recently awarded a contract to provide statewide SUE services for the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT). Our team will support GDOT on an “On-Call” basis, and this newly awarded contract will remain in effect for three years. Additionally, Atlas currently manages SUE, survey, and UC services on 7 of the 11 GDOT – Major Mobility Investment Program (MMIP) projects. These projects represent the State’s largest, most ambitious transportation initiatives and include enhancements to I-75, I-85, SR 400, I-285, I-85, I-20, and over 100+ bridge locations.

A thorough knowledge of the design-build process as it relates to the SUE scope of service is extremely important for these types of projects. Additional work includes high-profile projects such as the Mercedes-Benz Stadium, several projects at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, award-winning and sustainable projects on college campuses, and projects for well-known utility companies such as Georgia Power and Southern Company Gas to name a few.

About the Author:

Randy Sanborn, PE is registered in Georgia, Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina and was instrumental in helping the Georgia DOT obtain funding for their first ever SUE project, making him the longest tenured utility provider in the State. With over 33 years of experience, Randy is widely recognized as an industry leader in the subsurface utility engineering (SUE) and utility coordination (UC) arena.